8th Grade Study Guide

Test 9

8A and 8B: 04/03/09

All following statements are True.

1. Forces applied to structures may be classified as either tensile, compressive, or shear.

2. Structures are compressed by their own weight.

material that respond to the removal of stress by returning to their original shape are said to behave elastically.

3. Compressive force is a force that preses a material together.

4. Deflection is the amount that a material bends when a force is applied to it.

5. Shear force is the force that causes bending or twisting in a material.

6. Tensile force is a force that causes material to stretch.

7. Spider's web is stronger than copper or wood.

8. The strength of any material can be increased by changing its shape.

9. A cantilever is a beam that is fixed at one end.

10. An arch provides more strength against a vertical load than does a simple beam.

11. An arch transforms vertical loads into lateral ones..

12. A dome is closely associated with the arch. A dome is essentially a rotated arch.

13. Bridges are classified according to their structures.

14. A truss is a framework of connected planks or steel bars that add strength and support to a structure.

15. Each major period of history is characterized by its own unique architecture.

16. Modern architecture is often based on models from the past.

17. Architectural design is often based on available technology.

18. Structures that fail may do so because of unsound design, chemical changes, or physical changes.

19. Materials used in construction have characteristic chemical and physical properties that determine their durability and strength. Changes in theses properties can cause failure.

20 Elasticity determines a material's reaction to different forces.

Study ALL the question from the presentations.

Compare and contrast: Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Medieval Europe, Renaissance and Moderns Civilization.